abstract：:There is a need to reassess the role of the trypanosomiases, both human and animal, in African ecology and economy. Withdrawal of control services from the Congo basin was followed by a resurgence of infection from ancient foci, many of them thought to have been extinguished. Successful elimination of Glossina in sava...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ford J

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis tests were investigated to find which was more suitable for the immunodiagnosis of amoebiasis. Both tests were positive in more than 90% of sera from patients with amoebic liver abscess. With serum from blood donors and patients with other diseases a much lower percentage of...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Savanat T,Chaicumpa W

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a controlled study, it has been shown that the prior administration of cholera vaccine had no beneficial effect on the clinical course of cholera as measured by either the condition of the patient on admission to hospital or the subsequent course of the disease. In fact, the disease was, if anything, more severe in...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： McCormack WM,Rahman AS,Chowdhury AK,Mosley WH,Phillips RA

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 1300 compounds have so far been included in the WHO Programme for Evaluating and Testing New Insecticides, which is designed to disclose compounds that may satisfactorily replace those to which insect vectors of disease have become resistant. The authors describe the successful passage of o-isopropoxyphenyl ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Wright JW,Fritz RF,Hocking KS,Babione R,Gratz NG,Pal R,Stiles AR,Vandekar M

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of organisms such as viruses, protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria, especially mycobacteria, need cell-mediated immunological processes for their elimination. As well as being involved in protection, cell-mediated immunological processes are also involved in a number of allergic reactions to products...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Turk JL

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A field study was undertaken in Tampa, Fla., to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous and aerosol methods of administering vaccine, and to compare the protection afforded by bivalent (A2 and B) influenza virus vaccine and by A2/Hong Kong/68 virus vaccine. Further objectives of the study included a comparison of the effe...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Waldman RH,Bond JO,Levitt LP,Hartwig EC,Prather EC,Baratta RL,Neill JS,Small PA Jr

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Present methods of controlling meningococcal cerebrospinal meningitis have failed to contain the disease. This has led to the search for effective vaccines and to the development of methods for assaying the potency of these vaccines, as well as for measuring the immune response of the individual. The feasibility of us...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ueda K,Diena BB,Greenberg L

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiomyopathies are certain heart diseases of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, occurring mostly in tropical and subtropical areas, where they constitute a major clinical problem and sometimes a public health problem. The need for international co-operation in the study of such forms of heart disease has long been r...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiomersal-iodine-formalin (TIF) has been used as a faecal preservative in many prevalence surveys of intestinal helminths and protozoa. In helminth surveys, however, estimates of worm burden are no less essential than those of prevalence. Direct-smear and dilution egg-counting techniques, using fresh faeces, have bee...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dunn FL

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From time to time, reports of anthelmintic trials are published indicating that a compound is, or is not, effective against Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. In some of these reports, an attempt is made to assess the efficacy of the compound from inadequate data. This paper reviews the problems associated with selectin...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gemmell MA

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To provide the basic information needed for studies of drug toxicity in rats suffering from protein deficiency, weanling male albino rats were fed for 28 days on either laboratory chow or a synthetic diet containing 27% or 8% of casein. The low-protein diet produced a kwashiorkoric cachexia characterized by stunting, ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： de Castro ES,Boyd EM

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While an earlier live measles vaccine induced a high degree of immunity it also caused clinical reactions of variable severity in some vaccinated children. A number of attenuated measles vaccine strains have been developed to avoid these problems, and this paper reports the results of small-scale trials with 3 attenua...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Swartz T,Klingberg W,Nishmi M,Goldblum N,Gerichter C,Yofe Y,Cockburn WC

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is often impossible to measure the reference standard of cardiorespiratory fitness (the maximum oxygen intake) directly, and there is thus a need for subsidiary standard procedures based on body responses to submaximal exercise. In order to reach agreement on such procedures, a recent international working party ha...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Shephard RJ,Allen C,Benade AJ,Davies CT,Di Prampero PE,Hedman R,Merriman JE,Myhre K,Simmons R

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunological characteristics of 26 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolated in Japan and Malaya between 1935 and 1966 have been investigated mainly by the antibody-absorption variant of the haemagglutination-inhibition test, and to a certain extent also by conventional haemagglutination-inhibition an...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Okuno T,Okada T,Kondo A,Suzuki M,Kobayashi M,Oya A

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until very recently, rabies research had made few notable advances since the time of Pasteur, but during the past few years the use of modern virological techniques has led to rapid progress in research on the rabies virus. This article summarizes the present state of knowledge of pathogenesis, immunology, cultivation...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Campbell JB,Kaplan MM,Koprowski H,Kuwert E,Sokol F,Wiktor TJ

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency of man-biting by mosquitos depends upon the amount of contact between man and mosquito, which in turn depends upon the behaviour patterns of both. In order to examine these relationships in an area with a high incidence of malaria, a study was made in 1965 of the nocturnal movements and of mosquito bitin...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Elliott R

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of the study reported was to investigate the hypothesis that a diet low in protein would affect ability to detoxify pesticides. If this were so, the results would have application to use of pesticides in areas of the world where the diet is normally low in protein. To test the hypothesis, weanling albino...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Boyd EM,de Castro ES

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work on monkeys and on human volunteers led to the development of a schedule of diethylcarbamazine dosage suitable for the chemoprophylaxis of loiasis. In several parts of Africa where this chemoprophylaxis is practised against Loa loa, infections with Onchocerca volvulus are also common. Attempts were theref...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Duke BO

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few widespread diseases show such marked local differences in community patterns as does trachoma; these differences occur not only in over-all prevalence but also in the mean age at onset, the age distribution of the evolutive stages and the role of associated infections. These are among the factors which determine t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Assaad FA,Maxwell-Lyons F,Sundaresan T

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to contribute to knowledge of the sporogonic cycle of malaria parasites, 3 batches of Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus were infected with the VS Romanian strain of Plasmodium malariae by feeding them on 2 patients undergoing malariotherapy in Romania. Of the 310 infected mosquitos 59 were dissected for ookine...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Lupascu G,Constantinescu P,Negulici E,Shute PG,Maryon ME

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The findings in a highly selected group of patients, such as those attending clinics or sanatoria, cannot be used as the basis for assessing the true prevalence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with acquired or primary resistance or of sensitive strains in a community. The present report describes the prevalen...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Narain R,Chandrasekhar P,Satyanarayanachar RA,Lal P

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This account of the conduct of the Similium Control Scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, over the period 1956-66 shows that, by larvicide treatment of some 160 km of rivers with DDT in the early wet season, the Simulium damnosum density has been reduced by about 90% of its precontrol level each year over an area of more...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Davies JB

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the appearance of DDT-resistance in houseflies in 1947, over 30 mosquito species have developed resistance to this and other commonly used insecticides. Much knowledge has been gained concerning the mechanism of resistance in insects but, in general, this phenomenon cannot be explained in terms of a single facto...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kalra RL,Perry AS,Miles JW

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors have attempted to prepare lysed BCG vaccines retaining the protective antigens of the BCG cell wall and yet eliciting in experimental animals limited sensitivity to the tuberculin substances, the advantage sought being to retain the usefulness of the tuberculin following vaccination as an indicator of supe...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sato H,Diena BB,Greenberg L

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is a report on the first (serological) phase of a study organized by WHO in collaboration with the WHO International Reference Centre for Respiratory Virus Diseases other than Influenza in Bethesda, Md., USA, to define the viral etiology of severe respiratory infections in children, particularly in tropical...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Chanock R,Chambon L,Chang W,Gonçalves Ferreira F,Gharpure P,Grant L,Hatem J,Imam I,Kalra S,Lim K,Madalengoitia J,Spence L,Teng P,Ferreira W

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, several indices have been proposed to evaluate the threat of vectors to the community. Such indices, if accurately determined, could serve to assess the effectiveness of vector control campaigns. In this paper, a "risk of infection" index is introduced for the case of urban filariasis transmitted by Culex...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： de Meillon B,Grab B,Sebastian A

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present, larvicidal attack is the only feasible measure for the control of Culex pipiens fatigans. However, in the cities of the tropics, which are the principal sites of the filariasis problem, this has usually been a losing battle. The proper method of larval control is to eliminate the breeding sites; instead th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Brown AW

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In South-East Asia in recent years urbanization has proceeded rapidly. Because of limited financial resources it has seldom been possible to provide sufficient sanitation; this has led to conditions favourable to the breeding of Culex pipiens fatigans. The density of C. p. fatigans is higher in urban areas than in rur...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Singh D

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Tritylmorpholine (Frescon, WL 8008) is highly toxic to the intermediate-host snails of the Schistosomatidae. Molluscicidal concentrations range from 0.1 ppm to 0.5 ppm for 1-hour exposures and from 0.01 ppm to 0.05 ppm for 24-hour exposures. Under these conditions the compound is not toxic to snail eggs; recent work...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Boyce CB,Jones TW,Van Tongeren WA

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malathion shows promise as a substitute for chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides in the control of malaria whenever the latter are unsuitable because of Anopheles resistance or other reasons. A field trial of malathion was carried out in 1963-64, covering an area of about 500 km(2) with a population of about 26 000, i...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Najera JA,Shidrawi GR,Gibson FD,Stafford JS

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signs in the fundus oculi, long regarded as prognostic in hypertensive disease, have been shown to be subject to gross observer error and bias when assessed in conventional ways. The authors describe unconventional ways of assessing diminution of vascularity in a population sample of men aged 50 and also in a group of...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kagan A,Aurell E,Tibblin G

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Between April and July 1966 a comparative trial of two live attenuated measles vaccines (Schwarz and Beckenham 31), given intramuscularly or intradermally, was conducted in Hong Kong. Some 910 non-immune children completed the trial. The Beckenham 31 vaccine caused significantly more complications than Schwarz vaccine...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic problem in the study of tick-borne virus diseases is to establish where the virus is maintained in nature. In general, this focus will be found where there are large and relatively stable populations of ticks, small rodents and insectivores. In the Tribec region the principal vector of tick-borne encephaliti...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nosek J,Grulich I

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine whether there are major differences in the distribution of Streptococcus pyogenes serotypes in different countries and to compare the typing results obtained in different laboratories with the same cultures, an international survey of the distribution of such serotypes was carried out in 1964-65 in 12 lab...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Parker MT

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on studies carried out by the author and his associates in areas of Japan and South Asia where malayan and bancroftian filariasis is endemic, this paper recommends methods for use in microfilaria surveys and in the analysis of data obtained in such surveys. The author recommends the use of measured blood samples...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sasa M

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative data are presented on the viability of El Tor vibrios in various foodstuffs under different conditions. El Tor vibrios were found to have a very short life in water at -20 degrees C, but in various nutrient media, such as skim milk, sugar solution or meat extract, they could live for more than a month at ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Miyaki K,Iwahara S,Sato K,Fujimoto S,Aibara K

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The third study in a series on the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in Africa is devoted to the investigation of the formamidase activity of 288 cultures of mycobacteria, already typed by a battery of standard tests as pathogenic or atypical (184 strains) and saprophytic (104 strains). Of the latter, 96 (92...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Zykov MP,Roulet H

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some time ago the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization asked the National Institute for Medical Research, London, to consult with the WHO International Blood Group Reference Laboratory concerning the establishment of an international standard for albumin-potentiated anti-Rh(o) (anti-D) blood-typing serum...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Goldsmith KL,Mourant AE,Bangham DR

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a continuing search for more effective molluscicides, tests were carried out in the Egypt-49 area on Molucid and WL 8008. Molucid, a 35% w/v solution of isobutyltriphenyl-methylamine (ICI 24223), was applied at 2 ppm for 6 hours; after the treatment, no live Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina or Lymnaea ca...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dawood IK,Dazo BC

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1961 the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization asked the National Institute for Medical Research, London, to collect and study material to replace the first International Standard for Serum Gonadotrophin, stocks of which were running low. This paper describes the material that was contributed, its dist...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bangham DR,Woodward PM

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00